Tranexamic acid interrupts the pathways that over-produce pigment after inflammation — targeting the post-blemish and sun-exposure marks that general brighteners leave behind.
Emerging clinical trials show visible spot-fading at 2–5%, especially paired with niacinamide and vitamin C.
How to use: Mornings, beneath antioxidant and SPF.
Cautions: Excellent tolerability; rare reports of initial dryness.